Skills, Knowledge, & Attitudes (SKA)

Learning Concept Map

SKA are characteristics that enables a job holder to accomplish the activities described in a task statement (what the job holder does).

In a learning environment, psychomotor, cognitive, & affective are SKA's counterparts that identify end states of training (objectives).

Learning Outcome Typology

For more detail, see Kraiger, et. el. (1993).
  1. Cognitive
    • Vebal Knowledge - factual and prositional knowledge
    • Knowledge Organiztion - how information and concepts are mentally arranged
    • Metacognitive Strategies - allocation and regulation of cognitive resources
  2. Skill-Based (Psychomotor)
    • Compilation - routine development and procedure linkage
    • Automaticity - ability to perform a task without councious monitoting and with other tasks
  3. Affective
    • Attitude - attitude about learning, self-efficacy, perception about ability to perform, and goal setting
    • Motivation - motivational disposition

References

Kraiger, K., Ford, J., & Salas, E. (1993). Application of cognitive, skill-based, and affective theories of learning outcomes to new methods of training evaluation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 311-328.

Quinones, Miguel A. and Ehrenstein, Addie (1997). Training for a Rapidly Changing Workplace: Applications of Psychological Research. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, p. 154.

 

Notes

For author and copyright information, see the About page.
Created May 9, 2004
Updated June 25, 2007

 

A Big Dog, Little Dog and Knowledge Jump Production.
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