Meeting all of the specified minimum requirements for a specific performance.

measurement

A tool used to provide feedback to the learner and the trainer to determine where the learner is in relation to the ultimate goal or objective.

media

The means by which material is presented to learners; e.g. film, slides, computers, etc.

meta skills

Cognitive strategies that an individual applies to the processing of new information in a novel situation (a scenario not previously experienced). These skills include chunking or organizing new information, recalling relevant schemas, adding the new information to the old schemas, and creating new schemas.

mind mapping

Technique invented by Tony Buzan following research on note taking procedures which proved that if a learner writes down own key words then retention was maximized.

model

(1) A person that serves as a target subject for a learner to emulate. (2) A representation of a process or system that show the most important variables in the system in such a way that analysis of the model leads to insights into the system.

modeling

The process of observing and mapping the successful behaviors of other people.

module

A stand-alone instructional unit that is designed to satisfy one or more learning objectives. A separate component complete within itself that can be taught, measured, and evaluated for a change or bypassed as a whole; one that is interchangeable with others, used for assembly into units of differing size, complexity, or function. A module consists of one or more lessons. Also called ìannexî or ìsubcourseî.

motivational device

A design element that causes and sustains interest or regulates activity for the purpose of causing the student to perform in a desired way.

multimedia training

An instructional system that incorporates all or various instructional methods and media. It describes any application that uses multiple media (graphics, text, animation, audio, video), but multimedia is primarily thought of as any application that uses high-bandwidth media (audio and video) and is most often delivered on CD-ROM.

needs analysis

A method used to determine training needs by reviewing work tasks, identifying performance factors and objectives, and defining training objectives and recommendations.

norm-referenced measurement

The process of determining a student's achievement in relation to other students.

objectivity

In testing, the elimination of subjective bias by limiting choices to fixed alternatives.

Formal training for learning the skills and knowledge to perform a job that takes place in the actual work environment.

open-ended test item (open-ended response)

A question that can be answered in a variety of ways (e.g., an essay).

over learning

Practice beyond what is required for retention. Also called over training.